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RAF Battle of Britain Consolidated Database
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NOTE: KIA = Killed In Action. WIA = Wounded In Action. KIFA = Killed in Flying Accident. = Jewish as per jewishvirtuallibrary.org
Fate In Battle is date of incident between July 10 1940 and October 31 1940. Fate After Battle is date of death after the Battle


The Battle of Britain clasp (worn on the 1939-45 Star – or a silver gilt rosette if medal ribbons only are worn) is restricted to aircrew from 71 defined units
of RAF Fighter Command, Coastal Command or the Fleet Air Arm, who flew at least one operational sortie between 00:01 July 10 1940 and 23:59 October 31 1940.

To see a larger database covering the entirety of WWll, refer to our Allied Losses and Incidents database. This database is the result of research into all known sources of information on the crews which fought the Battle of Britain on the Allied side. It is surprising that for the most significant air battle of WW2, and even after 80+ years, there remains any uncertainty at all about who took part and in some cases, what they did. We have made it our objective to develop this database into a most comprehensive and accurate record which brings to life those heroic deeds. You can help: send corrections and additional information via our Helpdesk.
We believe this database to be among the most useful records extant in terms of its searchability: for example, it is easy to determine all Blenheim crews, or losses on a specific date or the members of a particular squadron.

Readers are referred to the following sites which we have used to cross-check information and we acknowledge and thank them as respected sources for some of the material in this database:
VintageWings.ca: comprehensive listing of artworks
bbm.org: Comprehensive listing of RAF personnel and service records
Wikipedia: Life stories of leading pilots and crew
AircrewRemembered Paradie Canadian Archive Database: 45,000 Service Records of RCAF personnel
AircrewRemembered Allied Losses and Incidents Database: Covering 120,000+ Allied aircrew 1939 - 1945
AircrewRemembered Archiwum: specialist database with details of Polish personnel (in Polish)
AircrewRemembered Kracker Luftwaffe Archive: 31,000 Luftwaffe pilot and crew details
AircrewRemembered LOST: Rob Philips Memorial Archive: Dutch losses in Europe
bel-memorial.org: Comprehensive site on Belgian aircrew


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#NameFirst NamesRankService No.Air ForceCountry of Origin*SquadronsAwardsAircraftVictoriesFate in BattleFate After BattleDateOfDeath**************Notes**************Photo
1 GrahamEdward 'Ted'Flt Lt37449British72Sqn

Spitfire0.5Survived warDied in AustraliaBorn 21st June 1911 Ebbw Vale, Monmouthshire Wales. Wellington School, Somerset from 1923 to 1929. July 1934 RAF Reserve, flying training at the Bristol Flying School at Filton as an Airman u/t Pilot. Posted to 4 FTS Abu Sueir on 23rd November. Joined 41 Squadron at Sheik Othman, Aden on 24th April 1936. 22nd March 1937 Graham posted to 72 Sqd. April 1939 the squadron exchanged its Gladiators for Spitfires. Appointed ‘B’ Flight Commander on 1st September 1939. Christmas 72 at Drem, moved to Acklington early 1940. From 1st to 6th June 1940 based at Gravesend to support the Dunkirk evacuation. 1st July Graham shared in destroying a He59 seaplane. On 15th August 1940 the squadron intercepted a large force of bombers of Luftflotte 5, flying from Norway and escorted by Me110’s, 40 miles east of the Faroe Islands. This force was broken up and forced to retire, seeking cover in the large masses of clouds. 72 Squadron moved south to Biggin Hill on 31st August, the day the station was devastated by several major raids by the Germans. He damaged two Do17’s. Moved to Croydon the next day and Graham damaged two Me109’s. On 2nd September Graham damaged a Me110. His Spitfire was hit by return fire in the vicinity of the fuel tank and he made a forced-landing at Lympne. Night on 7th September Graham’s propeller stopped at the end of the runway at Croydon as he was landing, out of fuel. On the 11th he damaged a Me109. 72 returned to Biggin Hill on the 12th. Took command of 72 on 21st September as an Acting Squadron Leader when the CO, S/Ldr. AR Collins, was posted away as non-effective sick. He led it until early March 1941, when he was posted to Catterick as Senior Sector Operations Officer. In 1942 he became Station Commander at Acklington. To HQ 13 Group at Newcastle in early 1945 and at the end of the year he was posted to India, to command RAF Ranchi. In 1946 he was serving with the UK Mission to Australia and New Zealand, planning the setting up of forces in Japan. Retired with the rank of Group Captain.

Uninjured when shot down over Lympne 1940-09-02 at 16:10hrs
2 WithallLatham CarrFlt Lt39361RAFAustralian152Sqn

Spitfire I P9456MIA1940-08-12Shot down and killed 12 August 1940 at 12:20hrs by a Ju 88 off the Isle of Wight in Spitfire I (P9456). Runnymede Panel 5 Age 29

Born on the 25th May 1911 in Toodyay. Son of Latham (died 23rd March 1971) and Mabel Withall (died 29th May 1969) of Brighton, Victoria, Australia and husband of Beryl Ethel Withall, of Ealing, Middlesex, England.

Archive report

Courtesy Oleg Marin


3 WilkinsonRoyce Clifford 'Wilkie'Fg Off44125RAFBritish3Sqn

71Sqn (Eagle)

121Sqn (Eagle)

174Sqn

1Sqn

OBE

DFM & Bar

Croix de Guerre (France)
Hurricane9Survived warSheerness, Kent 1990Born in Mexborough, Yorkshire on 26th November 1913 and educated at the secondary school there. Joined the RAF at Halton in January 1930 as an Aircraft Apprentice and passed out in December 1932 as a Fitter, Aero Engines. He was posted to RAF Aboukir in 1933. Applied for pilot training. Joined 3 Sqd at Kenley in May 1937.On 10th May 1940 the squadron went to France, attached to 63 Wing. Wilkinson shared in destroying a Hs126 on the 12th, destroyed a He111 and a Hs126 on the 13th, two Me109's on the14th, a Me110 on the16th, two He111's on the 19th and he shared in the destruction of two He111's on the 20th. The squadron withdrew to Kenley on the same day. Received the double award of DFM and Bar 31st May 1940. Commissioned 15 May, whilst he was in France, appointed 'A' Flight Commander on that day, with the rank of Acting Flight Lieutenant. Destroyed 9 2/3 enemy aircraft in one week. He helped form two American 'Eagle' Squadrons. 71 Sqd was formed on 21st October 1940, of which he was a founder member as 'B' Flight Commander. To Kirton-in-Lindsey on 14 May 1941 to form 121 Sqd (Eagle) on its formation on 14th May 1941. Posted away on 3 March 1942 to form and command 174 Sqd at Manston, the first Hurricane fighter/bomber squadron which he commanded. 3rd May 1942 shot down in Hurricane IIc BE674 by flak during an attack on Abbeville airfield and baled out at a very low level. With the aid of a French woman, Madame Duhamel of the French Resistance, who later became his daughter's Godmother, he evaded capture and arrived back in England through France and Spain to Gibraltar, going almost everywhere by train and car in broad daylight, and in his own words 'I had a lovely time'. He eventually reached Marseilles and crossed into Spain. Wilkinson flew back to England in a Sunderland from Gibraltar. Commanded 1 Sqd at Acklington and Biggin Hill from 1st August 1942 to 30th May 1943, when he was appointed to lead the Gravesend Wing. In March 1944 he was given command of HQ 149 Airfield, in 11 Group. He formed one of the Mobile Airfields of 2nd. TAF for the invasion of Europe in 1944 and in the Pacific he led the longest Spitfire raid of the war, a four-hour-fifty-minute flight from Darwin, Australia to Timor Island and back, without loss. He always led from the front and was highly decorated being awarded the OBE, DFM and Bar, Croix de Guerre. In August 1944 Wilkinson was sent to Australia on special duties. After return to the UK he went to a staff appointment at the Air Ministry in December 1945. Wilkinson was released in April 1946, as a Wing Commander.



Biography 'Spitfire RCW' by Nelson Kenneth James


Plaque on Eagle Memorial, US Embassy London

US Embassy London
4 WareingPhilip ThomasSgt155258 / 748091RAFVRBritish616Sqn

DCM
Spitfire Ia R6966 QJ-YPoW at Oflag XXI B, Schubin, Poland1987-05Failed to return 25 August 1940 after combat in Spitfire I (K6966) over the Channel at 19:00hrs. after combat with a Bf 109. Crashed near Calais and taken prisoner. Escaped from a PoW camp and returned via Sweden and for his escape was awarded the DCM.

He was married twice and widowed twice. He is survived by a daughter in Australia.Thomas Wareing died in Cornwall on the 10th May 1987, age 71
Some publications list it as K9819 .

Archive report
5 WalchStuart CrosbyFlt Lt40063RAFAustralian151Sqn

238Sqn

Hurricane4.5KIA1940-08-11 Age 23Born in Hobart 1917-02-16. Educated at the Hutchins School, Hobart.1936-06-15 joined the RAAF as Air Cadet, training at Point Cook. August 1937 transferred to RAF to 11 FTS Wittering September 1937, short flying course. 151 Squadron North Weald 1938-01-08. 1940-05-12 to 238 Sqd as a Flight Commander. Destroyed Me110 destroyed on 11 July 1940, shared a Me109 on the 20 July, destroyed Me110 on 21 July and Me109 on the 26 July. Shot down into the Channel during an engagement two miles east of Weymouth on 11 August 1940 10:45 in Hurricane R4097. Body not recovered.

Son of Percival Bell Crosby Walch and Florence Hester Jane Walch, of Hobart, Tasmania, Australia




Runnymede UK

Australian War Memorial, Canberra Australia
6 VeselyVlastimilPlt Off (later Sqd Lrd)83234RAFVRCzechoslovakia312Sqn Czechoslovakia

96Sqn

68Sqn

DFC

AFC

Hurricane2Died2001-12-11Died Brunswick Heads Australia
7 PalliserGeorge Charles Calder 'Titch'Sgt64891British17Sqn

43Sqn

249Sqn

605Sqn

DFC

Air Efficiency

Hurricane13Survived war24 September 2011 in Black Rock, Victoria, AustraliaCame from 43 Sqd when he joined 249 Sqd at RAF North Weald on 14 September 1940. He had a narrow escape on 29 October. When he was taking off from the former airfield and came under attack by bombers, debris hit Hurricane Mk I GN-H, damaging the propeller. With the aircraft shaking violently, he managed to circle the airfield and land. Palliser claimed 8 victories during the Battle of Britain.

Born in West Hartlepool England 11 January 1919. Educated at Brougham School and later attended a Technical School. Joined AFVR in 1939 as an airman under training as a pilot. Sergeant pilot at the outbreak of war. Posted to No. 3 ITW Hasting, moved to No. 11 EFTS Perth on 5 Dec 1939 and went to No. 6 Flying Training School at RAF Little Rissington in April 1940. Converted to Hurricanes at No. 6 OTU at RAF Sutton Bridge in July 1940. Joined 17 Sqd at RAF Debden on 3 August 1940 during the Battle of Britain. Moved to 43 Sqd at RAF Tangmere on 18 August 1940 and then 249 Sqd at RAF North Weald on 14 September 1940. During the Battle of Britain, claimed eight victories. Commissioned in April 1941 and embarked with 249 Sqd on HMS Furious on 10 May and sailed for Gibraltar. On arrival the squadron transferred to HMS Ark Royal. The squadron flew to Ta' Qali on 21 May 1941 to take part in the Siege of Malta. During that battle, he claimed a further five victories. In January 1942 posted to 605 Sqd as flight commander. DFC 30 January 1942. He left Malta on 26 February 1942 as one of the island's longest serving pilots. He was quoted as saying: 'But I wasn't there for medals. It was like a job. Fly, fly, shoot one down... start again the next day. I only said my prayers sometimes when I took off... when it was a tight battle... But that parachute on my back was like an angel by my side.' No. 25 Air School at Standerton, South Africa on 28 March 1942 to be an instructor at the school. Posted to No. 62 CFS, Bloemfontein on 17 July, to 2 EFTS Randfontein on 19 October and then to 4 EFTS Benoni on 2 September 1943. Admitted to Baragwanath Military Hospital in Johannesburg on 21 January 1944 and remained there until leaving for Great Britain on 24 May 1944. Instructed at No. 15 EFTS at RAF Kingstown from September 1944. He moved to No. 10 FTS at RAF Woodley on 19 September 1945, where he instructed until 16 March 1946. Instructor at the CFS at RAF South Cerney until October 1946, when he was posted as an instructor to No. 23 Flying School at Heany, Southern Rhodesia. In October 1947, retired from the RAF at the rank of flight lieutenant.
8 OliveCharles Gordon ChalonerFlt LtRAAFAustralian65Sqn

456Sqn RAAF

CBE

DFC
Spitfire6 + 7 probablesDied1987-10-20Wartime Notes helped author Dennis Newton write 'Spitfire Ace'

193 sorties over three tours of duty between September 1939 and March 1941. Wounded during the Dunkirk evacuation. He destroyed at least 5 during the Battle of Britain. DFC on 24 September 1940. Shot down his sixth enemy aircraft in December 1940, and in June 1941 became CO 456 Squadron RAAF, Australia's only night-fighter squadron. Squadron Leader on 18 January 1942. Ill health in March made him non-operational. June 1943 he joined the RAAF officially, but he remained attached to the RAF. In October 1943 he returned to Australia and in February 1944 joined RAAF Command, becoming acting wing commander on 1 April. On 29 December he took over command of 101 Fighter Control Unit, moving to Air Defence Headquarters in Sydney in January 1944. From 16 July 1945 he was posted to Air Defence Headquarters in Morotai, Indonesia, and he was demobilised and transferred to the Reserve on 7 March 1946. He was state commandant of the Air Training Corps from 1948. Appointed MBE (1967) for his work organising the Empire Youth Movement and CBE (1978), he retired in 1981
9 MooreWilliam StoreyFg Off (later Sqd Ldr)40007RAFIrish (Australian mother)236Sqn

BlenheimKIA1943-12-24Runnymede Panel 118

William Storey Moore—or Billy as he was known to the family—was born in Dublin on 21 November 1916. His father was William Moore MA of 10 Frankford Park, Dundrum, Dublin. Billy was schooled in Dublin until 1932, possibly at The High School, which his brother Sidney attended. He continued his education in Australia between 1934 and 36 and spent some time on a property at Kellyville, northwest of Sydney, NSW (known as Bob’s Ranch). He also perhaps holidayed at Aspendale Beach, near Melbourne. Shortly after his return to the United Kingdom, he joined the RAF on a short service commission in June 1937. He began ab initio training on 24 May, was appointed acting pilot officer on 9 August 1937, and proceeded to 10 Flying Training School, Tern Hill on 21 August 1937. He was appointed Pilot Officer on 24 May 1938, service number 40007, and joined the FAA Pool at Gosport on 10 October. He was promoted to Flying Officer on 12 December 1939. Eire was officially neutral during the Second World War but Billy proudly wore his RAF wings. He had willingly sworn an oath to serve the English king and country. As a member of the Commonwealth, he also fought for his mother’s country, Australia. At some point he met Celia Beck and they married on 4 July 1940, in St Peter’s Church, Over Wallop, Hampshire. Their son Liam (an Irish diminutive of William) was born on 9 November 1942. Billy joined 236 Squadron at Martlesham Heath on 26 January 1940 (coincidentally given his Australian connection and heritage, Australia Day). There he flew Blenheims on anti-submarine patrols for Coastal Command (and, briefly, with Fighter Command). The squadron later moved to Mount Batten and, on 26 October, during the dying days of the Battle of Britain, he was appointed ‘C’ Flight Commander. On 19 November, Billy led his flight to RAF Aldergrove where it joined a flight from 235 Squadron to reform 272 Squadron. Billy was then appointed commander of 272 Squadron’s ‘A’ Flight. The squadron was originally equipped with Blenheims but later converted to Beaufighters. Billy flew his first sortie with the newly operational squadron on 23 November 1940. He was promoted to Flight Lieutenant on 3 December and then to Squadron Leader on 1 March 1942. On 29 October 1943, Billy was posted to 143 Squadron, based at Portreath, Cornwall, flying Beaufighters. The squadron provided fighter support for anti-submarine aircraft operating over the Bay of Biscay. The 143 Squadron operations record book reveals that, at 9.50 a.m. on 24 December, six Beaufighters were detailed to carry out an interception over the Bay. They sighted two Heinkel He 177s. Squadron Leader Moore, who was flying Beaufighter ‘N’ JM160, engaged one of the Heinkels at 500 yards. It was his first combat since commencing his second tour. Billy closed, firing to 200 yards. Then, a vivid flash was seen in front of ‘N’, which broke in two and disintegrated. Billy and his navigator, Pilot Officer Philip Heslop Froment, were killed instantly. The squadron’s Commanding Officer, Wing Commander Edric Hartgill Hardy, later speculated in his combat report that ‘N’ was shot down because of its slow closing speed in the field of fire of the enemy’s rear cannon.
10 MillsJack PercivalSgt64890British43Sqn

249Sqn

DFC
Hurricane4Survived war24th January 2001 in AustraliaBorn 28th December 1918. King Edwards School, Witley in Surrey. Joined RAFVR in November 1938 as an Airman u/t Pilot. Called up 1st September 1939. Converte to Hurricanes at 6 OTU Sutton Bridge from 26th May 1940. Joined 43 Sqd at Tangmere on 9th June.Shared a Me110 on 9th July, destroyed a Me109 on 13th August, destroyed a Ju87 on the 18th and destroyed a Me109 and damaged another on 6th September. Posted to 249 Sqd at North Weald on the 13th and shared a Ju88 on the 27th. Commissioned in April 1941, to Malta in May. It flew off Ark Royal on the 21st, in two groups. On 5th August Mills joined the Malta Night Fighter Unit at Ta Kali. On 2nd December the unit became 1435 (Night Fighter) Flight. DFC 7th April 1944 as a Flight Lieutenant with 73 Sqd. Released from the RAF on 30th August 1947 as a Squadron Leader.

Joined 43 Sqd in early July 1940. Shot down Bf 109 13 August and scored three more kills during the Battle of Britain. DFC 7 April 1944.
11 McGlashanKenneth ButterworthPlt Off42138British245Sqn

96Sqn

87Sqn

536Sqn

264Sqn

25Sqn (CO)

AFC

HurricaneSurvived war30th July 2005 AustraliaBorn in Bearsden, Dunbartonshire Scotland 28 August 1920. Educated at Glasgow Academy. Training at 11 E&RFTS Perth March 1939. To 9 FTS Hullavington on 2 June. Joined 245 Sqd at Leconfield on 6 November. Flew Drem to Hawkinge on 28 May 1940 for the Dunkirk evacuation. 31 May shot down by a Me109 near Dunkirk. He was slightly wounded and blinded by oil and glycol in his eyes. With his Hurricane in a dive he pulled out just in time, blacked out and recovered to find himself travelling very fast and low along a beach. Forced-landed and rescued by British soldiers. French colonial troops had thought he was German. Walked into Dunkirk and got on a Thames paddle steamer. Landed late at night at Margate and was taken by squadron transport back to Hawkinge. On 17 December 1940 posted to 96 Sqd at Cranage for night-fighting operations. 17 November 1941 to 60 OTU East Fortune as an instructor. On 20th July 1942 joined 87 Sqd at Charmy Down. He took part in ground-strafing operations during the Dieppe raid on 19 August. Posted to 536 Sqd at Predannack on 12 September 1942, a Turbinlite Havoc night fighter unit. 25 January 1943 joined 264 Sqd at Warmwell. 15 June 1944 to Cairo opening up of Middle East air routes. with BOAC. Returned to the UK in January 1946 and joined No. 1 Ferry Unit at Pershore. 54 OTU in June, remaining there until October 1948, when he was given command of 25 Sqd at West Malling. AFC 8 June 1950). Green Endorsement in his log book on 21 August 1950: took off in bad weather to lead another Mosquito into Manston, leading it down through cloud and enabling it to land safely. Retired from RAF on 29 August 1958 as a Squadron Leader. Emigrated with his family to Australia in 1964.
12 LeesRonald BeresfordSqd Ldr (later Air Marshal)RAFAustralian72Sqn

Order of the Bath (CB)

CBE

DFC & Bar

MiD (x3)

Legion of Merit (USA)

Spitfire1WIADied1991-05-18Squadron Leader of 72 Sqd from late December 1938 until 22 July 1940. From early June 1940 72 Sqd flew patrols to cover the evacuation of Dunkirk. Lees was responsible for chasing a German Ju87 Stuka through an anti-aircraft barrage and shooting it down. DFC for the leadership he displayed during this period and his 'efficiency in numerous combats with the enemy and his efforts have contributed materially to the successes obtained by his squadron'. Despite posting as acting Wing Commodore HQ 13 Group in late July 1940, Lees maintained an active flying role and was shot down on 2 September, during the closing stages of the Battle of Britain, suffering wounds in his arm and a leg. Wounded 2 September 1940 at 16:15hrs. Spitfire I (K9840) damaged in combat over Lympne, crashed on landing. Mentioned in dispatches on 24 September 1941, Lees won a bar to his DFC in December 1941 for his great energy in leading 'sweeps over France ... at long distances out to sea and has set a magnificent example ... He has only one desire - to get to close grips with the enemy'. Posted to the Middle East, commanding 234 Wing in operations supporting Operation Torch in Tunisia. In June 1943, he was made a Commander of Order of the British Empire for his services; two months later he was appointed aide-de-camp (ADC) to King George VI; in October 1944 he was selected as acting Air Commodore with the Mediterranean Allied Tactical Air Force. Ever energetic, Lees was mentioned in dispatches a further three times before the war ended. He continued his high-ranking career in the RAF, and was created Knight Commander of Bath in 1961, before his retirement from the RAF on 3 February 1966 with the rank of Air Marshal, when he moved back to Australia.Later Commanding Officer at RAF Coltishall, 9 January 1941 - 11 September 1942. Retired from RAF with the rank of Air Marshal
13 KilmartinJohn Ignatius 'Killy'Fg Off39793Irish43Sqn

DFC
Hurricane13Survived war1998Despite the animosity many Republican Irishmen felt for the British, there were many who fought alongside them in the Second World War, and ten who fought in the Battle of Britain. John Kilmartin was born in 1913 in Dundalk, Ireland near the border with Northern Ireland. His father died when he was nine and he was shipped to Australia as part of a scheme to resettle poor and disadvantaged children. One can only imagine how he felt as he sailed to Australia where he worked on a cattle farm and later, in Shanghai, as a bank clerk and part-time jockey. He joined the RAF in 1937 and after training, was posted to 43 Sqd at RAF Tangmere in January 1938. With the war declared, he was posted to 1 Sqd and sent to France. During the Battle of France, flying Hawker Hurricanes, he quickly built up a score and was a double ace by the middle of May. The spent pilots of 1 Sqd were withdrawn to England at the end of May and 'Killy' was sent to train others for the coming Battle of Britain. He rejoined 43 Sqd at the beginning of September 1940, increasing his score during the Battle of Britain. He was awarded a DFC and gazetted on 8 October. In the spring of the following year, he was sent to command 602 Sqd, but that was short-lived. Instead, he went to West Africa, taking command of 128 Sqd in Sierra Leone to defend that country in the event that the Vichy French attacked from their bases in Dakar, Senegal to the north. He returned to Great Britain in August of 1942 to command 504 Sqd on Spitfires and then eventually the whole wing at RAF Hornchurch. In 1944, Kilmartin led the Typhoon wing of the Tactical Air Force. He was made an OBE in January 1945, went on to serve in Burma on P-47 Thunderbolts and then to Sumatra. The breadth of his war service spanned 6 years of the war and three continents. He remained in the RAF after the war, and held staff positions at NATO. He died in 1998.

Joined RAF before the war. Went to France with 1 Sqd at the start of hostilities. Score in France was 11 of which 6 were Bf 110s, 4 Bf 109s and a Ju 88. Flew with 43 Sqd during the Battle, shooting down a Bf 110 and a Bf 109 in September 1940.
14 JonesCyril Arthur TrevorPlt Off43693British611Sqn

312Sqn Czechoslovakia

616Sqn

79Sqn (CO)

DFC
Spitfire2Survived war2000s in AustraliaBorn in Burnley England 1914. Joined RAF in January 1936 as a direct-entry Airman u/t Pilot. With 66 Sqd at Duxford when commissioned on 1 April 1940. Joined 611 Sq at Digby on 17 April. 2nd June a probable Me109 over Dunkirk. On the 4 June detached to AFDU Northolt for an Air Fighting course. On 29 August 1940 posted to 312 Sqd as a Flight Commander. Moved to 616 Sqd at Kenley on 4th September again as a Flight Commander. Badly wounded in the right elbow by return fire from a He111 off Spurn Head on 5 November 1940. Returned safely to Kirton-in-Lindsey and was admitted to Scunthorpe Hospital. The enemy crashed into the Humber. From February 1942 until February 1944 Jones commanded 79 Sqd, mostly in India. On 15 December 1942 he destroyed a Japanese Army Type 99 bomber and damaged another. DFC 14th April 1944. Released from the RAF in 1946 as a Wing Commander.


Ft Lt Jones of 616 Sqd climbs out of his Spitfire (QJ-A) while a member of the ground staff refuels the aircraft, Fowlmere, September 1940. © IWM CH 1358
15 HardmanHarry GordonFg OffAustralian111Sqn

HurricaneSurvived warMarch 1995 High Wycombe Age 79Born 4th May 1915 Arncliffe in Sydney, NSW, Australia. (his famikly returned to UK shortly after and he was bapstised in England. At varioius stages he was declared to be Australian or British). Educated at Cottingham Commercial College in Bexleyheath, Kent. Learned to fly at his own expense at Brooklands. Joined the RAF on a short service commission in October 1937, posted to 5 FTS Sealand on 5th March 1938. Then joined 111 Sqd at Northolt on 17th September 1938. 13th August claimed a Do17 as damaged. On the 18th his section attacked a Do17 that was flying so low that they witnessed strikes on the ground from their own fire. Posted away in early September 1940 for instructor duties, rejoined 111 on 6th November 1940. Released from the RAF in 1945 as a Squadron Leader.

Battle of Britain London Monument
16 BarrettWilliam EricSgt751810RAFVRBritish25Sqn

DFM


Blenheim - Later LancasterSurvivedPoW No:886 Camp: Stalag Kopernikus - 357 Read Archive Report

DFM awarded on the 29th December 1942 - Born 22nd July 1918 - retired from the airforce in 1945 as a W/O. Finally moving to Australia, died in 2003. A Battle of Britain veteran with 25 Squadron flying the Blenheim.
17 GorzulaMieczysław Stanisław 'Mick'Plt Off (later Flt Lt)76695PAFPolish607Sqn

302Sqn Polish

Krzyz Walecznych (x3)

Medal Lotniczy (x3)

Hurricane1Died2005-12-06Born Kracow in 1919. After training served in 615 Sqd and 87 Sqd RAF until October 1940. (31/10/1940 actively participated in 229 Sqd RAF in the Battle of Britain. 1944 Commander of the Squadron (Flight) in 302 Sqd, and later in 315 Sqd. Towards the end of the war he shot down an Me 262 for which he was awarded the Polish Cross of Valor. In 1948 went to Pakistan with a small group of Polish pilots who helped train the air force of that newly independent nation. Afterwards, he emigrated to Australia. Died Air 86 He had three children (Stefan, Halina and Genufa) and three grandchildren (Stefania, Michael and Josef).
Archiwum Database
18 GlaserErnest Derek 'Dave'Plt Off82178RAFVRBritish65Sqn

234Sqn

549Sqn

548Sqn (CO)

DFC

Air Efficiency

Queen's Commendation

Spitfire1Survived war2000 Age 791940-08-18 13:30hrs he helped (with famous Test Pilot Jeffery Quill) to shoot down a He 111 flown by Rudolf Ahrens from I Gruppe of Kg 1. Born 20 April 1921

Joined 65 Sqd on 13 July 1940 at RAF Hornchurch, where he was assigned to A Flight. On the Ju 88, the first type to be shot down by their pilots on 17 May, he commented: "They had a very powerful sting in the tail in the form of 2 .5 in guns while our .303 in guns were shorter in range. When chasing the enemy we were further outranged because in effect we were shooting into wind and the enemy was shooting down wind."

Born on 20 April 1921. Educated at Lancing House and Bloxham Schools. Father was pilot in. Commissioned and posted direct to 65 Sqd at Hornchurch on 13 July 1940. Attached to the Hornchurch Sector Training Flight next day for further training and conversion to Spitfires, after which he rejoined 65 Sqd on 8 August. He made his first flight with the squadron on the 9th and flew his first operational sortie on the 15th. Shared probable of two He111s on the 18th and a probable Me109 on 22 August 1940. Early 1941 posted to 53 OTU at Heston as an instructor. In August he joined 234 Sqd at Warmwell and took part in offensive sweeps over France. Shared a Me110 on 21st June 1942 and shared a Ju88 on 25 July. On 28th July Glaser, flying alone in Spitfire Vb BL427, came across a Ju88 attacking a Royal Navy minesweeper off Falmouth. He engaged the Ju88 but was then shot down by the minesweeper's AA. Baled out into the Channel and almost drowned after becoming entangled with his parachute. The minesweeper picked him up. DFC 25th August 1942. In 1943 Glaser posted to Australia, as OC 'B' Flight of 549 Sqd, flying Spitfires in defence of Darwin, formed at Strathpine on 15th December 1943 as a sister unit to 548 Sqd, formed at Lawton in Queensland on the same day. Both squadrons did not receive their Spitfires until April 1944 and it was not until mid-June that they both moved to Darwin to take up defence duties. Took command of 548 Sqd at Darwin Civil Airport in February 1945 and held the post until the two squadrons were both disbanded on 9th October 1945, when he returned to the UK. Permanent commission in the postwar RAF and joined 64 Sqd at Linton-on-Ouse in 1946 as a Flight Commander. In 1949 Glaser went on No. 8 Course at the Empire Test Pilots School at Farnborough and afterwards he served at the Royal Aircraft Establishment there. Retired from the RAF on 26th June 1953 as a Flight Lieutenant, retaining the rank of Squadron Leader, and joined Vickers Armstrong at Hurn, eventually becoming Chief Production Test Pilot. Involved in exhaustive production testing of the Valiant, the first of the RAF's four-jet bombers. He also tested the BAC 1-11, one of Britain's best selling airliners. He received the Queens Commendation in 1953 for military flying and in 1968 for civilian test flying.

Obituary
19 FosterRobert WilliamPlt Off80815British605Sqn

DFC

Air Efficiency Award

Hurricane7Survived warJuly 13 2014 Kent, England Age 94Born: 14 May, 1920 in South London. Local school in Battersea, London. Six months before war broke out in 1939 Foster joined the RAFVR to train as a pilot. He was called up in August to complete his training before joining 605 Sqd. Stationed for much of the early years of the war at Drem, just outside Edinburgh, from where they patrolled the North Sea. It was sent south in May 1940 to cover the evacuation from Dunkirk and then returned to Drem. Pilot Officer with No 605 (County of Warwick) Squadron in the Battle of Britain, flying Hurricanes into action from Croydon during September and October 1940. On one occasion, while airborne, he watched bombs exploding close to his parents’ home at Clapham, south west London. He later learned that the house had been only slightly damaged. On September 27 1940, a day which Winston Churchill described as “great and victorious”, Pilot Officer Foster’s aircraft was damaged as he attacked a Messerschmitt Bf 110. He forced-landed unhurt at RAF Gatwick. During the Battle he was credited with one enemy aircraft destroyed, one probably destroyed, one shared and two damaged. Later in the war Bob Foster served in Australia with No 54 Squadron equipped with Spitfires. He shot down five Japanese aircraft, probably shot down two more and damaged two. He was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross and took command of the Royal Australian Air Force base at Night Cliff in the Northern Territory. Back in the UK Bob served at Fighter Command HQ, Bentley Priory, before holding ground appointments at RAF Bentwaters. He was released from the RAF in 1947 and resumed his pre-war career with Shell and BP. He also served in the Royal Auxiliary Air Force. From 2009 he was Chairman of the Battle of Britain Fighter Association.
20 FloodFredrick WilliamFlt Lt37582RAFAustralian32Sqn

235Sqn

Blenheim Z5725MIA1940-09-11Born Roma, Queensland, Australia 18 March 1915. Flying training with the RAAF at Point Cook 1935. Sailed for England in January 1936. 6 March 1936 Flood to 32 Sqd at Biggin Hill. To 8 Sqd at Khormaksar, Aden on 24 October 1936. PA to the AOC British Forces in Aden on 4 April 1938. When 235 Sqd was formed at Manston October 1939, he became Flight Commander. Frederick joined 235 Squadron at Detling on 1 June 1940 as a Flight Commander. No sooner had he arrived when he was out on patrol over Goodwin Sands–Calais–Dunkirk. He sighted a Heinkel 111 three miles off Dunkirk, which was being attacked by AA fire. Frederick also fired on it but it escaped into cloud in the direction of Dunkirk after two rear gunners were silenced. Frederick carried out many patrols and escort operations over the following weeks. On 21 August, while on an escort of reconnaissance aircraft he shot a Henshel 126 into the sea off Le Havre. Three days later, during a fighter patrol during an air raid at Thorney Island, he was on the receiving end of a ‘friendly’ attack: his Blenheim was damaged when Hurricanes of 1 Sqd (RCAF) attacked it over Thorney Island. There was only limited damage to Frederick’s Blenheim and he and his crew were safe but the crew of another were not as lucky and perished (the body of one was recovered from the sea riddled with bullets) and another Blenheim crashed on landing. It was the Canadian's first operational sortie. 11 September 1940 he led six Blenheims of 235 on an escort operation for FAA Albacores attacking Calais. They were attacked by Me109's and Flood's aircraft, Z5725, was shot down. Flood and his crew, P/O NB Shorrocks and Sgt. BR Sharp, were all reported 'Missing'. As is usual when someone is missing in action, the final presumption of death is deferred on the off chance the airman has been taken prisoner of war. And until the final presumption, the family could not claim his personal effects or prove a will. (As it happened, Frederick did not have a will.) Frederick’s presumption of death was published on 2 July 1941. But his effects did not come quickly. In a great blow to his family who hoped to have tangible reminders of their son and brother, all of Frederick Flood’s personal effects were lost in transit due to enemy action (they were onboard the SS Ceramic which was hit by torpedoes fired from U-515 on the night of 6 December 1942) but it was some months before they were informed of this. (thanks for some material from a blog posted by Kristen Alexander)

Flying escort to Fairey Albacores from the Fleet Air Arm on a raid on Calais at 17:30hrs. 1940-09-11 Blenheim IV-f (Z5725) shotdown. F/Lt F.W.Flood and his crew all died on the mission (N.B.Shorrocks & B.R.Sharp). Runnymede Panel 4 Also Blenheim IV-f (L9396) shot down by a Bf 109.

Archive Report Blenheim L9396
21 DunnIan LoveSgt49222RAFBritish29Sqn

235Sqn

272Sqn

254Sqn

201Sqn

190Sqn

210Sqn

BlenheimSurvived war2nd March 2004Born 5 June 1920. Joined RAF as a direct-entry Airman u/t Observer on 6 February 1939. Posted to No. 1 AOS on 20th June, to 9 AOS Penrhos on 1st August. Joined 29 Sqd at Debden 6 September 1939. Gunnery Leader at CGS Warmwell. Posted to 235 Sqd at Bircham Newton on 22 May 1940. On 19 November 1940 Dunn's flight was posted to Aldergrove, where it combined with a flight from 236 Sqd to reform 272 Sqd for anti-shipping operations. To 254 Sqd at Sumburgh on 11 April 1941. 14 July posted to 2 (Coastal) OTU Catfoss. Commissioned June 1942. 4 December 1942 joined 201 (Flying Boat) Sqd in Sunderlands from Lough Erne. 30 October 1943 joined 190 Sqd flying Catalinas at Sullum Voe. This became 210 Sqd in January 1944. Became a Qualified 1st Class Civil Air Navigator. Permanent commission in 1945, the first navigator to be awarded one after the war. Graduate of the RAF Staff College. Retirement on 23 December 1964 as a Wing Commander. Settled in Canberra Australia
22 Dalton-MorganThomas FrederickFlt Lt37415British43Sqn

DSO

OBE

DFC

MiD

Hurricane15.5Died 2004-09-18 AustraliaOfficial Ace. Wounded on the 13th of August 1940-08-13. He baled Hurricane I (P3972) after combat with a He 111 near Cocking Down at 06:50hrs. Slightly wounded.

6 OTU Sutton Bridge 1940-06-04. Converting to Hurricanes, to 43 Squadron at Tangmere on 15th June as 'B' Flight Commander. 3rd July he damaged a Do17, on the 12th and 13th Morgan shared in the destruction of two He111's, on the 21st he destroyed one Me109 and damaged another, on 8th August destroyed a Me109, a Ju87 and probably another and on the 13th he shot down a He111 in Hurricane P3972, damaged by cross-fire from He111's over Petworth and he baled out, slightly wounded. 4th September he claimed two Me110's destroyed and on the 6th he destroyed a Me109 and damaged another. On this day he crashed at Tangmere after combat with Me109's over Dungeness, in Hurricane V6542, wounded in the knee. DFC (gazetted 6th September 1940). 16th September 1940 Acting Sqd/Ldr as C/O 43 Squadron. 5th/6th May 1941 destroyed a Ju88 and another enemy aircraft and on the night of the 6th/7th he shot down a Ju88. Bar to the DFC (gazetted 30th May 1941). Destroyed a Ju88 during the night of 8th/9th June, destroyed a He111 on 11th July and shared a Ju88 on the 24th: crashed into sea after losing engine losing two front teeth on impact with the reflector sight in the process. Picked up by HMS Ludlow, transferred to a trawler and taken to hospital at Aberdeen. Destroyed Ju88 at night on 2nd October 1941. In January 1942 Morgan was posted away to Controller duties at Turnhouse. In November he was promoted and made Wing Commander Ops at 13 Group. He was then appointed Wing Leader at Middle Wallop. 1st December 1942 he damaged a Me109. Early 1943 Morgan was made Wing Leader of the Ibsley Wing. 5th April he shot down a Fw190 and damaged another. 8 fighter squadrons under him, on long-range offensive sorties over northern France and providing scouts for the tactical bomber squadrons. DSO (gazetted 25th May 1943). Attachment to US 4th Fighter Group USAAF, advising on long-range bomber-escort operations. To Europe with the 2nd TAF after the invasion. OBE (gazetted 14th June 1945). He received a Mention in Despatches in 1946 and was awarded the Bronze Star (US) by President Harry S. Truman. 1952, joined the UK/Australian Joint Project Woomera, managing the weapons range for the next 30 years.
23 CowardJames BairdFlt Lt39412RAFBritish19Sqn

AFC

SpitfireWIADiedDied in Australia 2012 aged 97.RAF in 1936, served with 19 and 266 Sqds. With 266 flew Spitfires over Dunkirk as ‘A’ Flight commander, probably destroying a Bf 109 on 2 June 1940. At the end of the month he rejoined 19 Sqd at Fowlmere. On 31 August, one of the heaviest days of fighting in the Battle of Britain, Coward was shot down during an attack on Do 17s east of Duxford. He baled out, badly wounded, and landed by the Royston-Newmarket Road. Coward was taken to Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, where his left leg was amputated below the knee. During his descent he had used his radio lead to improvise a tourniquet for the leg. After recovering, he was posted to the staff of the Prime Minister, with responsibility for roof spotting at Chequers and Chartwell. He then held various senior instructing posts, before going to the Air Ministry to take charge of fighter operational training. He remained in the RAF after the war and was awarded the AFC in 1954, having carried out test work on the Gloster Meteor while commanding an advanced flying training school. Retired from the service in 1969 and went to Australia.

With 266 Sqd at the start of the War. Flying with 19 Sqd when injured 1940-08-31 at 08:30hrs. Baled out Spitfire I (X4231) with a serious leg wound after combat with a Do 17 near Duxford. Leg was later amputated. Spitfire I crashed at Little Shelford, Essex. Retired from the RAF at the rank of Air Cdre. Born 1915




Pencil drawing by Steve Teasdale of Brian Lane has been signed by 3 Battle of Britain Spitfire pilots from 19 Squadron. The signatures are : Gordon Sinclair, James Coward and David Cox. This image has become synonymous with the tired state of our brave pilots as they battled in the skies over England in 1940.
24 CooperDouglas CliffordSgt155877RAFVRBritish235Sqn

272Sqn

240Sqn

205Sqn

230Sqn

206Sqn

99Sqn

BlenheimSurvived war7th August 2006Born in Hockley, Essex England 28 July 1917. Educated at Hockley Council School. April 1939 joined the Aircraft Crew Section of the RAFVR at Southend as an Airman u/t WOp/AG. Called up 1 September 1939. Joined 235 Sqd at Manston in October. February 1940 to No. 2 Electrical and Wireless School. Rejoined 235 at Bircham Newton 13 August 1940. To 272 Sqd on 26 November 1940. When the squadron was re-equipped with Beaufighters the air gunners were posted away and Cooper joined 240 Sqd at Stranraer on 22 March 1941, a Catalina unit. On 1 September 1942 to 205 Sqd on Catalinas. Commissioned June 1943, Cooper returned to ops 9 May 1944. Posted to 230 Sqd on Sunderlands as Signals Leader. He left the squadron on 10th December 1945 but stayed in the RAF, going on 6th May 1946 to 4 (Coastal) OTU, again as Signals Leader. Later served with 206 and 99 Sqds and when he retired from the RAF in 1954 he was a Flight Lieutenant, Signals leader with 192 Sqd at Watton. Settled in Western Australia.
25 CockJohn ReynoldsFg OffRAFAustralian87Sqn

DFC
Hurricane10.5Died1988 in AustraliaBorn in Renmark, South Australia 3 March 1918. Educated at Renmark High School, Prince Alfred College, Adelaide and Roseworth Agricultural College. He learned to fly privately. Early 1938 came to England, joined the RAF on a short service commission. Early 1939 posted to 87 Sqd at Debden, moving to France with the squadron when war was declared. On 10 May 1940 he claimed a Ju 88 destroyed and a Do 17 and a Bf 110 damaged, on the 12th a He 111 destroyed, a Bf 109 on the 14th, possibly a Ju 88 on the 16th, a Ju 87 destroyed and another damaged on the 18th and a Hs126 shared on the 19th. Squadron withdrawn to Debden and quickly moved to Church Fenton to refit. Early in July a further move, to Exeter. Soon after midnight on the 26th July shot down a He 111, which fell at Smeatharpe, near Honiton. On 11 August he shot down a Ju 88 and a Bf 109 and probably shot down a Bf 110 and another Ju 88. In this engagement his Hurricane was hit by a Bf 109 and he baled out, slightly wounded. A Bf 109 fired at him under his parachute, but was shot down by Pilot Officer Dennis David of 87. Cock landed in the sea off Portland Bill, swam ashore at Chesil Beach and was taken to hospital. Rejoined 87 on 11 September. On the 26th he claimed a Ju 88 destroyed and a Bf 109 damaged, on the 30th a Ju 88 destroyed and probably a Bf 109 and on 10 October he claimed another probable Bf 109. After his engine cut out on patrol on October 24, he was unable to avoid colliding with Pilot Officer D T Jay. He made a forced-landing but Jay was killed while attempting to bale out. Cock suffered shock as a result of this accident and spent some time non-effective sick. DFC on 25 October and became an instructor and then a Flight Commander on 453Sqn. After time in Australia, he returned to the UK and did a tour with 3Sqn in France, flying Tempests. Released from the RAF in February 1948, as a Squadron Leader. In 1983 saw the wreckage of his Hurricane, shot down on 11 August 1940, being lifted from the sea.

First Australian to shoot down an enemy aircraft in WW II. Baled out of Hurricane I (V7233) safely after being shot down off Portland Bill 1940-08-11 at 10:50hrs by Helmut Wick in a Bf 109. Swam ashore slightly injured. Hurricane I (V7233) LV-K was recovered in 1983 and was on display at Tangmere Aviation Museum.
26 ChurchesEdward Walter GilliesPlt Off39900RNZAFNew Zealander74Sqn
Spitfire3 enemy aircraft destroyed, 1 shared, destroyed, 2 probable and 2 shared probablMIA1941-04-19

Archive report on the later loss

Born on the 17th July 1921 in Cambridge, New Zealand. Educated at Auckland Grammar School. Worked as a telegram messenger for the New Zealand Post and telegram department in Auckland prior to service. Enlisted on the 26th of October 1939 at Levin. Trained at No. 2 Elementary Flying Training School, New Plymouth, No. 2 Flying Training School, Woodbourne, where, on the 23rd April, 1940 he was awarded his wings. On the 28th May awarded a commission.

Left for England on the 07th June 1940 on the RMS Rangitata. Arrived on the 19th July 1940 and then joined No. 7 Operational Training Unit, Hawarden, Cheshire,. Joined 74 squadron on the 21st August 1940

Son of Sydney Reuben Ross Churches (died 29th September 1942 in Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia, age 44) and Flora Ann Catherine Kelly Churches (nee Sydney, later Sharp - died 23rd November 1965 age 63) of 32 Shackleton Road, Mt. Eden, Auckland, New Zealand.

Courtesy Auckland Library Heritage Collection


27 BungeyRobert WiltonFg Off257414RAAFAustralian145Sqn

DFC
HurricaneDied1943-06-10Robert Wilton Bungey was unquestionably an RAF hero. From the very beginning of the Second World War he was patrolling Germany’s border with the AASF (Advanced Air Striking Force). In the retreat from France he survived frantic day and night bombing missions flying obsolete, outclassed Fairey Battles against overwhelming odds. Many others didn’t survive. When Fighter Command desperately needed pilots in the Battle of Britain, he volunteered. Joined 145 Sqd on 1940-09-24 as leader of 'B' flight. He survived again when his Hurricane was shot down near the Isle of Wight. Converting to Spitfires, he commanded such aces as Jean ‘Pyker’ Offenberg, Paddy Finucane and Bluey Truscott, his leadership from-the-front gaining their trust and respect. While he was CO of 452 (RAAF) Squadron, it topped Fighter Command’s monthly tallies three times in a row. Later, commanding RAF Hawkinge, he was linked with air-sea rescue and Combined Operations Command. After more than three years of active war service, he returned to Australia for Sybil, his English bride. His wife gave birth to a baby boy but shortly afterwards, on 27th May 1943, she died from complications. On 10th June Bungey, unhinged by grief, went to a local beach and shot the child and then himself with his service revolver. The boy survived and was adopted by an uncle. Brighton St Jude Cemetery Adelaide Australia Age 28

Featured in book 'Spitfire Leader'
28 BrinsdenFrancis Noel 'Fanny'Fg OffNZ/40338RAFNew Zealander19Sqn

SpitfireSurvivedPoW Stalag Luft III, Sagan and Belaria1940-08-31 baled out of his Spitfire I (R6958) after combat over the Thames Estuary. Retired RAF Wg Cdr 1966. Born18 July 1918 Auckland, New Zealand, the son of John and Olive Brennan, of Mount Albert, Auckland, New Zealand. Provisionally accepted for short service commission in RAF 1937. He later became a Mosquito night-fighter pilot with No. 25 Squadron. On 17 August 1943 he flew a low-level intruder sortie as part of the Bomber Command raid on the Nazi V-weapon establishment at Peenemünde but his aircraft crashed after hitting the sea and he was taken prisoner. Blinded by search light while flying low, aircraft hit sea. After his release he joined an RAF unit tracing missing Allied aircrew. Transferred to RNZAF 1944 27 June 1947: Granted permanent commission in RAF. July 1948: Command of 141 Squadron
1951: Posted to Air H.Q. Malaya, attached to Kuala Lumpur as operations officer. After his retirement he moved to Australia. (Info courtesy AM New Zealand)

At ease in the spartan living accommodation at Fowlmere, the satellite airfield of Duxford, late September 1940.
29 BartlettLeonard HaroldSgt102959RAFBritish17Sqn
DSO

Legion of Merit (USA)
Hurricane4.5Survived war2017-02-11 in Australia Aged 100Born in Muswell Hill, Middlesex on 20 June 1916, joined the RAFVR in May 1939, as an Airman u/t Pilot. Completed his training and went to 7 OTU, Hawarden on 1 July 1940. After converting to Hurricanes, he joined 17 Sqd at Debden on 15 July. Shared in the destruction of a Ju 88, on 5 September he shared a He 111 and on the 19th he shared a Ju 88. On 28 October he damaged a Do 17, on 8 November he destroyed a Ju 87 and probably a second and on the 11th he shot down a Ju 87 and probably another. On 17 March 1941 Bartlett was shot down over Chiddingly, Sussex, north west of Hailsham, in Hurricane Z 2704. He was wounded and took to his parachute. Commissioned in July 1941, Bartlett was posted to 137 Sqd in February 1942. On 6 July he damaged a Ju 88. September 1942 he was given command of 253 Sqd at Hibaldstow. Went to North Africa in November. Destroyed a Ju 88 on 10 January 1943. Moved to Monte Corvino, Italy in October. Bartlett was posted away in January 1944 and he was awarded the DSO on 3 March 1943. Appointed military commander of the island of Vis, in the Adriatic, where an airfield had been constructed. He was given the US Legion of Merit for organising the rescue of USAAF crews who had ditched in the Adriatic Sea. In 2005 he was quoted as saying about the Battle of Britain: 'We were young and didn’t really think about what we were doing. I don’t think any of us really understood the importance of the battle at the time.'

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